The 7 design principles of Universal design
Universal design is a design principle that not only creates accessible design. It also points out that accessible design are only truly accessible if it also works with non-disabled design… Duhhhh, it's called universal design.
To be honest, I'm not that kind of an expert on it. Here in Sweden we use a model called Nordic social relative model of disability. (Similar to the social model but with the added belief that society should take care of persons with disabilities. And the government can also dictate what accessibility standards you have to have in your home, so basically every newly built home in Sweden is fully accessible. )
Anyway, Universal design was revolutionary when it came in the 90’s and it has contributed to so much development for accessible design.
Universal design
Universal design is a design that's usable for all people to its greatest extent possible. The term Universal design was coined by Ronald Mace in the 90s. Universal design follows 7 principles.
- Equable use
- Flexibility in use
- Simple and intuitive use
- Perceptible information
- Tolerance for error
- Low physical effort
- Size and space for approach and use
Equable use
Provide the same means of use for all users.
E.g. A main entrance door needs to be at least 90cm wide for persons with mobility aids
Flexibility in Use
Provide a choice in methods of use. E.g. Some people need to stand at the side of the door to be able to open it, providing that extra needed space.
Simple and Intuitive Use
It should be easy to understand. E.g. Where is the main entrance and what do you do so people understand that that is the main entrance?
Perceptible Information
That the design effectively communicates to the user. This doesn't necessarily mean that you add braille to signs. It could also be that you add e.g. a different colored tile behind the sink which makes it easily identifiable.
Tolerance for Error
Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors. E.g. non- slip bathroom flooring or shower faucets without handles.
Low Physical Effort
Allow users to maintain a neutral body position. E.g. a non touch bathroom sink faucet or motion detection lights (does not work well with shower curtains).
Size and Space for Approach and Use
The building should provide the right scale and form. E.g. A preschool should have bathroom sinks that are lower than the standards, because the user will always be short. On the other hand, In a home for a family, it could be better with a height adjustable sink. Because the need for the e.g. disabled child will differ as she/he grows.
- The negative side of Universal design
It caters to everyone… sort of. It does not mention the importance of how people experience space differently, in terms of sound smell sequencing etc.…
+ The positive sides of universal design
It caters to everyone and focuses on the fact that accessible design is good for everyone, not only persons with disabilities.
Reference
National disability authority. (2021). universaldesign.ie.[online]. Available from : https://universaldesign.ie/ [accessed dec 2021]